He adds, "Things have changed. Today, we have lots of LMSs from which to choose and, although there are wide variations in price, most of them are a lot cheaper than in the old days."

"Unfortunately, many of them look hideous - with screens that are grey, boring, and reminiscent of 'Windows 95'. Thankfully, there are some LMSs that present their information in an attractive way and, with today's hosted solutions - using 'cloud' computing - the right LMS can prove to be much more cost effective than an old-fashioned one."

Lloyd explained that as the number of LMS vendors has grown and more suppliers are chasing buyers, LMS prices have fallen generally. Moreover, he said, increasingly, organisations are tending to produce learning content internally and so - with the money that they save in terms of not outsourcing the production of learning content - they can justify spending that money on other areas of learning, such as learning storage, delivery, and analysis systems - including LMSs.

While welcoming the trend to use rapid authoring tools to produce learning content in-house by subject matter experts rather than outsourcing the process to specialist instructional designers, Lloyd sounded a note of caution.

"When you adopt this process purely to try to save money, you need to be wary of eight issues", he says.

These are:

• Keep the learning project simple. Just because you're saving money by producing learning materials in-house, don't be tempted to over-extend the project's remit.
• Beware of hidden costs. For example, Moodle - an open source LMS - costs little to install and run, but users should not forget its associated maintenance costs.
• It's still important to use the right tool for the job in hand - regardless of the cost.
• Make sure you don't have to go back to the tool or system's suppliers every time you want any changes to that tool or system. Remember that enjoying good customer service should not be a luxury.
• If it's not easy to find the resources you need once you start to use the tool or system, then that tool or system is no good for you.
• Bad (learning) design can cost you as much as - or even more than - good design. Eventually, learning materials produced using bad instructional design will cost much more than learning materials produced using good instructional design - even if the latter learning materials are, initially, costly.